"Origin and Tunability of Unusually Large Surface Capacitance in Doped Cerium Oxide Studied by Ambient-Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy"
Chirranjeevi Balaji Gopal: Farid El Gabaly, Anthony H. McDaniel, William C. Chueh; Advanced Materials, 03/31/16.
Abstract: 
The volumetric redox (chemical) capacitance of the surface of CeO2−δ films is quantified in situ to be 100-fold larger than the bulk values under catalytically relevant conditions. Sm addition slightly lowers the surface oxygen nonstoichiometry, but effects a 10-fold enhancement in surface chemical capacitance by mitigating defect interactions, highlighting the importance of differential nonstoichiometry for catalysis.
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